PART II: GLOBAL MIGRATION AND DOMESTIC POLICY

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23 million people live outside of their country of origin (1/3 of the world's population) Reasons for travel outside of country include: geography (cost of travel, geographic limitations), economy, nature of system (ex. timelines, benefits), social advantages (health care, family networks, community), visa/entrance requirements, etc. Causal factors related to the voluntary movement of migrants: o 1) highly skilled workers o 2) demand for manual labour o 3) family reunification o 4) worker/food safety o 5) population explosion o 6) globalization o 7) students (2.8 million abroad; consider their ability to be part of the experienced class to obtain PR) Domestically, 20% of Canadians are foreign born; economic immigrants comprise most of the PR class in Canada (most from Asia and Pacific) Historically, Canada's track record is poor. Consider o Chinese Immigration Act 1885 which imposed a head tax (23 million was collected from the Chinese until 1923) o Black and Aboriginal slaves in the loyalist population (some were not given same inducements or land grants). In 1911, an Order-In-Council was passed deeming them unsuitable to the climate in Canada o Refugees by boat: Komagata Mavu IN 1914 (376 turned away), Jews on SS Louis coming from Germany (937 turned away in 1939), Tamil boats in 2009-2010 (MV Ocean Lady, MV Sun Sea) (which resulted in indefinite detention) Historically, other exclusive provisions include: criminals, alcoholics, illiteracy, illegitimacy, attempted suicide, disability and deportation as a means of silencing foreign labour agitators Today, it remains as such: Consider C-43 and the legality of detention for a year without the possibility of independent review. The legislation also denies family reunification and right to travel aboard for less than 5 years. Racism: IRPA with respect to distribution posts (s. 15 backlog claims have ensued as a result), point system (favouring young, healthy workers, right of permanent residence fee ($975), principal investor ($1050), sponsorship ($550), 81% of countries requiring visas are from the south and 19% are predominantly white, requirements producing identity documents

Forced Migration

* Causes include civil strife, persecution, laws of the land contrary to one's values, environmental migrants, development-induced displacement (ex. deforestation or mining), disaster-induced migration (ex. tsunamis, degradation, etc.)

* How they differ from voluntary migrants: o Choice of destination out of necessity o Many go to developing countries due to proximity o Some may be subject to life in refugee camps which have serious constraints (Ex. UNHCR capacities) o Reliance on goodwill countries o Can be sent home if conditions in country of origin change

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