This class was co-taught by Dr. Ian Kerr, Canada Research Chair in Ethics, Law and Technology Dr. Anne Uteck at the University of Ottawa. Professor Kerr taught Part I of the course, and Professor Uteck completed Part II of the course pertinent to remedies....
The following is a more accessible plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our Contract Law Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:
THEME 10: COMMUNICATION OF ACCEPTANCE
Acceptance By Fact
Did the offeror stipulate the conditions of the acceptance?
Was there a communication of acceptance?
Did the acceptance fit the offer?
If the offeror does not stipulate a particular manner of acceptance, the offeree only accepts in a manner that is thought to be reasonable.
Some offerees responding to offers stipulating written acceptance have been allowed to follow by other means. Depends on nature of circumstances and legislation.
Generally, the rule is that acceptance is received where and when it is heard. This depends on whether the communication was instantaneous or non instantaneous.
*Court is clear about not specifically saying which rule will always prevail. Depends on mode of communication (this may depend on relevant legislation).
CASE | RULE | FACTS | REASONS |
---|---|---|---|
Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance CO v Grant (1879) MAILED ACCEPTANCE I: Was acceptance delivered? Question of risk bearing. D: in favour of PL, yes. | DEFAULT RULE: Postal acceptance rule for non instantaneous communication militates that communication of acceptance occurs at the time the letter is posted whether or not itβs received. *she who acts for another acts for themselves (postal office being the agent) | - DF gave agent application in writing for shares in PLβs company - PL attempted acceptance by letter, but never arrived | Majority (Thesiger): must be meeting of the minds and mutual communication - post office is common agent between two (court creates legal fiction); parties anticipated that method was done by post Dissent (Bramwell); no specification of post as method; sender should have ensured arrival |
Holwell Securities v Hughes LOST LETTER I: did PL exercise option to purchase premises by posting letter to DF that was never received? D: appeal dismissed | Postal rule does not apply if post is not stipulated as form of acceptance. If terms of acceptance ambiguous, court will apply contra pro forentum. | - PL posted letter to DF indicating that it intended to buy property of DF - DF never received letter | - the contract says that exercise of the option requires notification in writing, so postal rule cannot apply from Household case - in writing could mean many things, but it was deemed non instantaneous |
Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Und 1983 ACCEPTANCE OVERSEAS I: Is a telex an instantaneous form of communication? Where did it occur? D: There was a contract; telex is instantaneous | When the mode of communication is instantaneous, the general acceptance rule applies β contract formed where and when acceptance received. | - Appellants (Brinkabon) suing respondents (sellers in Austria) over breach of contract for steel supply - offer came from buyers, sellers counter-offered, and buyers attempted to accept from London; the question is whether there was a contract and where it was effected | - contract created when acceptance received in Vienna - it is the responsibility of the acceptor to ensure that message was received and general rule applies because telex was used to communicate which is instantaneous - not... |
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This class was co-taught by Dr. Ian Kerr, Canada Research Chair in Ethics, Law and Technology Dr. Anne Uteck at the University of Ottawa. Professor Kerr taught Part I of the course, and Professor Uteck completed Part II of the course pertinent to remedies....
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